{"uniprot":"A3KN83","gene":"SBNO1","name":"Protein strawberry notch homolog 1","organism":"Homo sapiens (Human)","status":"dark","length":1393,"sequence":"MVEPGQDLLLAALSESGISPNDLFDIDGGDAGLATPMPTPSVQQSVPLSALELGLETEAAVPVKQEPETVPTPALLNVRQQPPSTTTFVLNQINHLPPLGSTIVMTKTPPVTTNRQTITLTKFIQTTASTRPSVSAPTVRNAMTSAPSKDQVQLKDLLKNNSLNELMKLKPPANIAQPVATAATDVSNGTVKKESSNKEGARMWINDMKMRSFSPTMKVPVVKEDDEPEEEDEEEMGHAETYAEYMPIKLKIGLRHPDAVVETSSLSSVTPPDVWYKTSISEETIDNGWLSALQLEAITYAAQQHETFLPNGDRAGFLIGDGAGVGKGRTIAGIIYENYLLSRKRALWFSVSNDLKYDAERDLRDIGAKNILVHSLNKFKYGKISSKHNGSVKKGVIFATYSSLIGESQSGGKYKTRLKQLLHWCGDDFDGVIVFDECHKAKNLCPVGSSKPTKTGLAVLELQNKLPKARVVYASATGASEPRNMAYMNRLGIWGEGTPFREFSDFIQAVERRGVGAMEIVAMDMKLRGMYIARQLSFTGVTFKIEEVLLSQSYVKMYNKAVKLWVIARERFQQAADLIDAEQRMKKSMWGQFWSAHQRFFKYLCIASKVKRVVQLAREEIKNGKCVVIGLQSTGEARTLEALEEGGGELNDFVSTAKGVLQSLIEKHFPAPDRKKLYSLLGIDLTAPSNNSSPRDSPCKENKIKKRKGEEITREAKKARKVGGLTGSSSDDSGSESDASDNEESDYESSKNMSSGDDDDFNPFLDESNEDDENDPWLIRKDHKKNKEKKKKKSIDPDSIQSALLASGLGSKRPSFSSTPVISPAPNSTPANSNTNSNSSLITSQDAVERAQQMKKDLLDKLEKLAEDLPPNTLDELIDELGGPENVAEMTGRKGRVVSNDDGSISYESRSELDVPVEILNITEKQRFMDGDKNIAIISEAASSGISLQADRRAKNQRRRVHMTLELPWSADRAIQQFGRTHRSNQVTAPEYVFLISELAGEQRFASIVAKRLESLGALTHGDRRATESRDLSRFNFDNKYGRNALEIVMKSIVNLDSPMVSPPPDYPGEFFKDVRQGLIGVGLINVEDRSGILTLDKDYNNIGKFLNRILGMEVHQQNALFQYFADTLTAVVQNAKKNGRYDMGILDLGSGDEKVRKSDVKKFLTPGYSTSGHVELYTISVERGMSWEEATKIWAELTGPDDGFYLSLQIRNNKKTAILVKEVNPKKKLFLVYRPNTGKQLKLEIYADLKKKYKKVVSDDALMHWLDQYNSSADTCTHAYWRGNCKKASLGLVCEIGLRCRTYYVLCGSVLSVWTKVEGVLASVSGTNVKMQIVRLRTEDGQRIVGLIIPANCVSPLVNLLSTSDQSQQLAVQQKQLWQQHHPQSITNLSNA","function_summary":"A large human nuclear scaffold that integrates developmental signaling into transcriptional control. It uses tandem nucleotide-responsive motor modules to assemble and stabilize transcriptional complexes in the nucleoplasm, thereby enhancing RNA polymerase II–dependent gene expression programs that drive axis formation and mesodermal differentiation. By coupling signaling inputs to nuclear regulatory assemblies, it promotes cell fate decisions during early development through regulated protein–protein interactions rather than classical catalytic activity.","plain_language":"SBNO1 has barely been studied. The model's best guess: A large human nuclear scaffold that integrates developmental signaling into transcriptional control. It uses tandem nucleotide-responsive motor modules to assemble and stabilize transcriptional complexes in the nucleoplasm, thereby enhancing RNA polymerase II–dependent gene expression programs that drive axis formation and mesodermal differentiation.","uniprot_summary":"May be involved in developmental processes.","go_terms":{"molecular_function":[{"id":"GO:0005515","label":"protein binding"}],"biological_process":[{"id":"GO:0007165","label":"signal transduction"},{"id":"GO:0009967","label":"positive regulation of signal transduction"},{"id":"GO:0009798","label":"axis specification"},{"id":"GO:0009880","label":"embryonic pattern specification"},{"id":"GO:0001709","label":"cell fate determination"},{"id":"GO:0048333","label":"mesodermal cell differentiation"},{"id":"GO:0010647","label":"positive regulation of cell communication"},{"id":"GO:0045944","label":"positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II"}],"cellular_component":[{"id":"GO:0005654","label":"nucleoplasm"}]},"interpro":[{"id":"IPR027417","name":"P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase","type":"homologous_superfamily","start":242,"end":514},{"id":"IPR027417","name":"P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase","type":"homologous_superfamily","start":926,"end":1038},{"id":"IPR039187","name":"Strawberry notch, AAA domain","type":"domain","start":255,"end":560},{"id":"IPR026937","name":"Strawberry notch, helicase C domain","type":"domain","start":872,"end":1148},{"id":"IPR057332","name":"SBNO, alpha/beta domain","type":"domain","start":1186,"end":1300},{"id":"IPR026741","name":"Protein strawberry notch","type":"family","start":66,"end":1380}],"reasoning":"I begin with the InterPro architecture. The polypeptide is dominated by IPR026741 (Protein strawberry notch family, residues 66–1380), establishing membership in the STRAB/SBNO family that functions as large nuclear regulators. Two P-loop NTPase cores are evident: IPR027417 (P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase homologous superfamily) appears twice—once in the central region at residues 242–514 and again in a distal region at residues 926–1038. These P-loop modules are elaborated by IPR039187 (Strawberry notch, AAA domain, residues 255–560), indicating an AAA+-type NTPase engine in the N-terminal half, and by IPR026937 (Strawberry notch, helicase C domain, residues 872–1148), which is the C-terminal motor/coupling module of helicase-like ATPases. Together, these NTPase/helicase-C elements create a nucleotide-responsive assembly platform rather than a classical helicase, consistent with SBNO-family roles in macromolecular complex dynamics. The architecture culminates in IPR057332 (SBNO alpha/beta domain, residues 1186–1300), a C-terminal scaffold that likely stabilizes higher-order assemblies and mediates partner selection.\n\nThis arrangement dictates molecular function. The paired AAA/helicase-C engine and extended family scaffold favor regulated macromolecular binding over catalysis, aligning with GO:0005515 protein binding as the operative molecular function. The P-loop NTPase cores provide conformational switching that modulates binding affinity and oligomeric state; the alpha/beta tail consolidates these interactions. Such an ATP-responsive scaffold is well-suited to assemble transcriptional regulators and signaling effectors.\n\nFrom this binding-centric mechanism, the biological processes follow. The SBNO scaffold integrates upstream cues into transcriptional outputs, placing the protein in GO:0007165 signal transduction and GO:0009967 positive regulation of signal transduction by physically coupling signaling modules to transcriptional machinery. Its capacity to potentiate transcriptional assemblies supports GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Developmental outcomes arise when this scaffold biases lineage decisions: it promotes GO:0001709 cell fate determination and GO:0048333 mesodermal cell differentiation, and at organismal scale it contributes to GO:0009880 embryonic pattern specification and GO:0009798 axis specification. These processes are causally downstream of a nuclear assembly platform that tunes gene-expression programs during early development.\n\nCellular location is dictated by function and architecture. The absence of transmembrane features and the presence of extensive nuclear scaffolding motifs point to a soluble nuclear pool. This supports localization to GO:0005654 nucleoplasm, where the protein can assemble transcriptional complexes and relay signaling states to chromatin-associated machinery.\n\nMechanistically, I hypothesize that the central AAA domain (255–560) and the distal P-loop/helicase-C tandem (926–1148) act as dual ATP-switches that alternately clamp and release partners, with the C-terminal SBNO alpha/beta domain (1186–1300) stabilizing higher-order assemblies. This nucleotide-gated scaffold likely recruits transcription factors and co-regulators downstream of developmental signaling pathways, thereby enhancing RNA polymerase II–dependent transcription and steering mesodermal and axis-defining programs. Likely interaction partners include nuclear receptors and their coactivators, bHLH and TGF-beta pathway effectors, and chromatin remodelers that together implement fate specification in the nucleoplasm.","category":"dark","control_evaluation":null,"validation_plan":null,"structure":{"source":"AlphaFold DB","pdb":"/structures/AF-A3KN83.pdb","alphafold":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/A3KN83"},"links":{"uniprot":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/A3KN83/entry","atlas":"/p/A3KN83"},"provenance":{"model":"BioReason-Pro (ESM3 esm3-sm-open-v1)","source_list":"Pharos Tdark","note":"AI prediction, not experimentally verified"}}