{"uniprot":"O94819","gene":"KBTBD11","name":"Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 11","organism":"Homo sapiens (Human)","status":"dark","length":623,"sequence":"MEHAVAPCVLYPGTEPGAAGESESEGAASPAQTPCSLGASLCFSSGEESPPQSLASAAEGAATSPPSSGGPRVVERQWEAGSAGAASPEELASPEERACPEEPAAPSPEPRVWLEDPASPEEPGEPAPVPPGFGAVYGEPDLVLEVSGRRLRAHKAVLAARSDYFRARASRDVLRVQGVSLTALRLLLADAYSGRMAGVRPDNVAEVVAGARRLQLPGAAQRATDAVGPQLSLANCYEVLSAAKRQRLNELRDAAYCFMSDHYLEVLREPAVFGRLSGAERDLLLRRRLRAGRAHLLAAALGPAGERAGSRPQSPSGDADARGDAAVYCFHAAAGEWRELTRLPEGAPARGCGLCVLYNYLFVAGGVAPAGPDGRARPSDQVFCYNPATDSWSAVRPLRQARSQLRLLALDGHLYAVGGECLLSVERYDPRADRWAPVAPLPRGAFAVAHEATTCHGEIYVSGGSLFYRLLKYDPRRDEWQECPCSSSRERSADMVALDGFIYRFDLSGSRGEAQAAGPSGVSVSRYHCLAKQWSPCVAPLRLPGGPTGLQPFRCAALDGAIYCVSRAGTWRFQPAREGEAGGDAGQGGGFEALGAPLDVRGVLIPFALSLPEKPPRGEQGAP","function_summary":"A cytosolic adaptor that uses an N-terminal assembly module and a C-terminal beta-propeller to build soluble complexes that dampen stress-activated signaling. By forming multivalent assemblies and engaging a cullin-based ligase platform, it binds and organizes signaling substrates to suppress phosphorylation cascades, thereby attenuating JNK pathway output. Its soluble architecture and assembly behavior position it within cytosolic ubiquitin-ligase assemblies that fine-tune kinase signaling through selective substrate capture and sequestration.","plain_language":"KBTBD11 has barely been studied. The model's best guess: A cytosolic adaptor that uses an N-terminal assembly module and a C-terminal beta-propeller to build soluble complexes that dampen stress-activated signaling. By forming multivalent assemblies and engaging a cullin-based ligase platform, it binds and organizes signaling substrates to suppress phosphorylation cascades, thereby attenuating JNK pathway output.","uniprot_summary":"May be involved in inactivation of JNK signaling pathway.","go_terms":{"molecular_function":[{"id":"GO:0005515","label":"protein binding"}],"biological_process":[{"id":"GO:0001933","label":"negative regulation of protein phosphorylation"},{"id":"GO:0046329","label":"negative regulation of JNK cascade"}],"cellular_component":[{"id":"GO:0005829","label":"cytosol"},{"id":"GO:0031463","label":"Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex"}]},"interpro":[{"id":"IPR011333","name":"SKP1/BTB/POZ domain superfamily","type":"homologous_superfamily","start":139,"end":269},{"id":"IPR015915","name":"Kelch-type beta-propeller","type":"homologous_superfamily","start":316,"end":579},{"id":"IPR000210","name":"BTB/POZ domain","type":"domain","start":140,"end":231},{"id":"IPR052310","name":"Kelch/BTB domain-containing protein","type":"family","start":45,"end":616},{"id":"IPR006652","name":"Kelch repeat type 1","type":"repeat","start":349,"end":457},{"id":"IPR006652","name":"Kelch repeat type 1","type":"repeat","start":458,"end":500}],"reasoning":"I begin with the domain architecture. The N-terminal half contains IPR011333 (SKP1/BTB/POZ domain superfamily, residues 139–269) and a well-defined IPR000210 BTB/POZ domain (residues 140–231). BTB/POZ modules nucleate higher-order assemblies and, in many BTB-containing proteins, create the core interface that recruits cullin scaffolds—most notably CUL3—into ubiquitin ligase assemblies. The C-terminal half is dominated by IPR015915 (Kelch-type beta-propeller, residues 316–579), with internal repeats annotated by IPR006652 (Kelch repeat type 1, residues 349–457 and 458–500). Kelch repeats fold into a six-bladed beta-propeller that forms a versatile substrate-recognition platform. The overall architecture—an N-terminal BTB/POZ dimerization/assembly module followed by a C-terminal Kelch beta-propeller—falls squarely within IPR052310 (Kelch/BTB domain-containing protein family, residues 45–616), a hallmark of BTB–Kelch adaptors that bind CUL3 and specify substrate fate.\n\nThis ordered BTB-to-Kelch layout dictates molecular function. The BTB/POZ core drives oligomerization and docking to cullin-RING ligase machinery, while the Kelch propeller confers high-specificity protein binding through surface grooves and loops that capture target motifs. Together, these features cause robust multivalent protein binding, aligning with GO:0005515 protein binding as the operative molecular function.\n\nFrom this binding-centric chemistry, the biological role emerges. BTB–Kelch adaptors commonly tune signaling by directing substrates to ubiquitination or by sequestering them away from kinase assemblies. The presence of a CUL3-compatible BTB domain and a substrate-capturing Kelch propeller provides a mechanism to attenuate stress-activated MAPK signaling. By recruiting or stabilizing inhibitory complexes, the protein can suppress components upstream or parallel to JNK activation, thereby exerting negative regulation of protein phosphorylation and specifically dampening the JNK cascade. This mechanistic logic supports GO:0001933 negative regulation of protein phosphorylation and GO:0046329 negative regulation of JNK cascade.\n\nCellular context follows naturally. BTB–Kelch adaptors assemble soluble complexes rather than transmembrane machines, and their substrate capture and ubiquitin-ligase assembly steps proceed in the cytosol. The BTB-driven association with CUL3 further places the protein within Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase assemblies. Thus, the architecture and assembly behavior predict localization to the cytosol (GO:0005829) and incorporation into the Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0031463).\n\nA coherent mechanistic hypothesis is that the BTB/POZ domain dimerizes and recruits CUL3–RBX1 to form a transient ligase platform, while the Kelch beta-propeller captures specific signaling substrates—potentially JNK pathway components or their adaptors—to either promote their ubiquitination or shield them from activation. By stabilizing inhibitory assemblies, the protein reduces kinase throughput and enforces cytosolic checkpoints on stress signaling. Likely interaction partners include CUL3 and RBX1 as the ligase core, BTB-network scaffolds that tune assembly geometry, and JNK-pathway nodes such as MAP3Ks/MAP2Ks or JUN family effectors that serve as substrates or co-factors for repression.","category":"dark","control_evaluation":null,"validation_plan":null,"structure":{"source":"AlphaFold DB","pdb":"/structures/AF-O94819.pdb","alphafold":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/O94819"},"links":{"uniprot":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O94819/entry","atlas":"/p/O94819"},"provenance":{"model":"BioReason-Pro (ESM3 esm3-sm-open-v1)","source_list":"Pharos Tdark","note":"AI prediction, not experimentally verified"}}