{"uniprot":"Q9P2K3","gene":"RCOR3","name":"REST corepressor 3","organism":"Homo sapiens (Human)","status":"dark","length":495,"sequence":"MRVGAEYQARIPEFDPGATKYTDKDNGGMLVWSPYHSIPDAKLDEYIAIAKEKHGYNVEQALGMLFWHKHNIEKSLADLPNFTPFPDEWTVEDKVLFEQAFSFHGKSFHRIQQMLPDKTIASLVKYYYSWKKTRSRTSLMDRQARKLANRHNQGDSDDDVEETHPMDGNDSDYDPKKEAKKEGNTEQPVQTSKIGLGRREYQSLQHRHHSQRSKCRPPKGMYLTQEDVVAVSCSPNAANTILRQLDMELISLKRQVQNAKQVNSALKQKMEGGIEEFKPPESNQKINARWTTEEQLLAVQGVRKYGKDFQAIADVIGNKTVGQVKNFFVNYRRRFNLEEVLQEWEAEQGTQASNGDASTLGEETKSASNVPSGKSTDEEEEAQTPQAPRTLGPSPPAPSSTPTPTAPIATLNQPPPLLRPTLPAAPALHRQPPPLQQQARFIQPRPTLNQPPPPLIRPANSMPPRLNPRPVLSTVGGQQPPSLIGIQTDSQSSLH","function_summary":"A nucleoplasmic transcriptional corepressor that assembles and stabilizes a histone deacetylase–containing repression complex. It uses an N-terminal assembly module and tandem chromatin-recognition elements to recruit deacetylase machinery, engage nucleosomes, and consolidate a repression hub that silences gene expression. The complex operates primarily in the nucleus with transient cytosolic pools during assembly and trafficking, and it likely functions by scaffolding REST-dependent repression and positioning deacetylases on chromatin to reduce histone acetylation and suppress transcription.","plain_language":"RCOR3 has barely been studied. The model's best guess: A nucleoplasmic transcriptional corepressor that assembles and stabilizes a histone deacetylase–containing repression complex. It uses an N-terminal assembly module and tandem chromatin-recognition elements to recruit deacetylase machinery, engage nucleosomes, and consolidate a repression hub that silences gene expression.","uniprot_summary":"May act as a transcriptional corepressor.","go_terms":{"molecular_function":[{"id":"GO:0005515","label":"protein binding"}],"biological_process":[{"id":"GO:0045892","label":"negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription"}],"cellular_component":[{"id":"GO:0005829","label":"cytosol"},{"id":"GO:0005654","label":"nucleoplasm"}]},"interpro":[{"id":"IPR009057","name":"Homeodomain-like superfamily","type":"homologous_superfamily","start":74,"end":133},{"id":"IPR009057","name":"Homeodomain-like superfamily","type":"homologous_superfamily","start":275,"end":337},{"id":"IPR000949","name":"ELM2 domain","type":"domain","start":1,"end":83},{"id":"IPR017884","name":"SANT domain","type":"domain","start":84,"end":135},{"id":"IPR001005","name":"SANT/Myb domain","type":"domain","start":85,"end":133},{"id":"IPR049048","name":"REST corepressor, helical domain","type":"domain","start":215,"end":279},{"id":"IPR017884","name":"SANT domain","type":"domain","start":285,"end":336},{"id":"IPR001005","name":"SANT/Myb domain","type":"domain","start":286,"end":334},{"id":"IPR051066","name":"REST corepressor","type":"family","start":1,"end":394}],"reasoning":"I begin by dissecting the InterPro architecture and its order along the polypeptide. The N-terminus carries IPR000949 (ELM2 domain, residues 1–83), a hallmark module that nucleates assembly of histone deacetylase-containing repression complexes. Immediately following, residues 84–135 contain IPR017884 (SANT domain) and IPR001005 (SANT/Myb domain, residues 85–133), together forming a chromatin-engagement cassette that recognizes histone tails and positions deacetylase machinery on nucleosomes. This ELM2–SANT tandem is reinforced by two homeodomain-like superfamily signatures: IPR009057 (Homeodomain-like superfamily, residues 74–133) overlapping the SANT region and IPR009057 (Homeodomain-like superfamily, residues 275–337) downstream; these folds provide helical bundles that stabilize multiprotein repression assemblies rather than conferring sequence-specific DNA binding in this context. Midway, IPR049048 (REST corepressor, helical domain, residues 215–279) supplies a structured scaffold that couples the N-terminal repression engine to C-terminal chromatin-recognition elements. The C-terminal half then repeats the chromatin-reader logic with IPR017884 (SANT domain, residues 285–336) and IPR001005 (SANT/Myb domain, residues 286–334), creating a bipartite SANT array that enhances nucleosome engagement and deacetylase targeting. The entire sequence is encompassed by IPR051066 (REST corepressor family, residues 1–394), which specifies a dedicated corepressor framework that assembles and stabilizes repression complexes.\n\nThis ordered architecture dictates molecular function. The ELM2 domain seeds assembly of histone deacetylase modules; the paired SANT domains and helical core create high-affinity chromatin-binding and adaptor surfaces. Such a scaffolded, multivalent platform is optimized for multimeric assembly and repression, not catalysis. Therefore, the primary molecular function is GO:0005515 protein binding, executed through modular interaction surfaces that recruit and stabilize deacetylase-containing complexes.\n\nFrom this binding-driven repression engine, the biological process follows. By positioning histone deacetylases on chromatin and consolidating a repression hub, the protein enforces transcriptional silencing. This causally yields GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription: histone tail recognition via SANT domains and the ELM2-directed deacetylase assembly together reduce local histone acetylation, compact chromatin, and suppress initiation and elongation.\n\nCellular location is dictated by function and architecture. Chromatin-directed repression requires a nuclear environment, and the presence of chromatin-reader SANT modules and REST-corepressor family features point to a soluble nuclear pool. Thus, the complex operates in the GO:0005654 nucleoplasm. Dynamic assembly and trafficking of corepressor complexes can transiently place unassembled pools in the GO:0005829 cytosol, consistent with nucleo-cytosolic shuttling before nuclear import and chromatin engagement.\n\nMechanistically, the ELM2–SANT–helical–SANT architecture causes the protein to act as a nucleoplasmic scaffold that binds REST and recruits histone deacetylases and associated adaptors to form a stable repression assembly. I hypothesize that it binds REST to nucleate a corepressor platform, captures class I histone deacetylases via ELM2-mediated interfaces, and uses the SANT arrays to dock onto histone tails, thereby positioning the enzymatic core for efficient chromatin deacetylation. Likely interaction partners include REST itself as the sequence-specific recruiter; class I HDACs and their adaptors (e.g., HDAC1/2 and scaffold adaptors) that supply enzymatic activity and stability; and auxiliary chromatin regulators that fine-tune nucleosome state. Together, these interactions produce a nucleoplasmic repression hub that silences target gene expression programs.","category":"dark","control_evaluation":null,"validation_plan":null,"structure":{"source":"AlphaFold DB","pdb":"/structures/AF-Q9P2K3.pdb","alphafold":"https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q9P2K3"},"links":{"uniprot":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9P2K3/entry","atlas":"/p/Q9P2K3"},"provenance":{"model":"BioReason-Pro (ESM3 esm3-sm-open-v1)","source_list":"Pharos Tdark","note":"AI prediction, not experimentally verified"}}